Review of Munakahat Fiqh on the Childfree Phenomenon in Modern Households
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58355/justices.v5i3.234Keywords:
Childfree, Fiqh Munakahat, Haqq al-Injab, Hifzh an-Nasl, Maqashid ShariahAbstract
The childfree phenomenon a conscious choice by married couples to permanently remain childless is increasingly growing among urban Muslim societies in Indonesia. This study aims to map the sociological dynamics of childfree, analyze the position of the right to reproduce (haqq al-injab) within Fiqh Munakahat, and formulate an Islamic law and Maqashid Shariah review of this phenomenon. This research employs a normative-juridical method with socio-legal and doctrinal approaches. The findings reveal that childfree choices among urban Muslim families are driven by a complex integration of financial anxiety, psychological parenting trauma, career orientation, and individual autonomy. In Fiqh Munakahat, haqq al-injab is constructed as a joint right between husband and wife that cannot be unilaterally waived. Temporary birth control (tanzhim an-nasl) for the well-being of family development is categorized as mubah. Conversely, a permanent childfree commitment without urgent medical indications is deemed makruh tahrim to haraam. This decision contradicts the principle of hifzh an-nasl (preservation of offspring) as a primary necessity and undermines the primary wisdom of marriage as a sacred covenant. However, if pregnancy medically threatens the mother's life, the principle of hifzh an-nafs overrides hifzh an-nasl based on the legal maxim ad-dharuratu tubihu al-mahzhurat, making the decision to avoid pregnancy permissible. This study recommends comprehensive premarital education to align reproductive perceptions among modern Muslim couples.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zulriantoni, Ardi Himawan Atmaja, Irfan Abdurahman, Bahrul Ilmi, Nani Kuswiantini
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